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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

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NACCHO (National Aboriginal Community Controlled Health Organisation) (2020b). Submission on the Commonwealth Data Availability and Transparency Bill 2020, Office of the National Data Commissioner, Canberra.

NACCHO (National Aboriginal Controlled Community Health Organisation) (2020a). Senate Inquiry into the Federal Government’s response to the drought, and the appropriateness of policies and measures to support farmers, regional communities and the Australian economy: submission, Parliament of Australia, Canberra.

NAFI (North Australia & Rangelands Fire Information) (2021). North Australia & Rangelands Fire Information, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, https://firenorth.org.au/nafi3/.

NAILSMA (North Australian Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance) (2019). I-Tracker, NAILSMA, Darwin, https://nailsma.org.au/projects/i-tracker.

Nakata M (2002). Indigenous knowledge and the cultural interface: underlying issues at the intersection of knowledge and information systems. IFLA Journal 28(5–6):281–291.

NESP (National Enviromental Science Program) (2021). Data and information guidelines, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra.

NIAA (National Indigenous Australian Agency) (2020). Indigenous Protected Areas (IPAs), NIAA, Canberra, https://www.niaa.gov.au/indigenous-affairs/environment/indigenous-protected-areas-ipas.

NIAA (National Indigenous Australian Agency) (2021a). Indigenous Protected Areas – Commonwealth-funded Indigenous Ranger groups – July 2021, Canberra.

NIAA (National Indigenous Australian Agency) (2021b). Indigenous ranger programs, NIAA, Canberra, https://www.niaa.gov.au/indigenous-affairs/environment/indigenous-ranger-programs.

Nicholas J, Wahquist C, Ball A & Evershed N (2021). Who owns Australia?, The Guardian Australia, Sydney, https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/ng-interactive/2021/may/17/who-owns-australia.

NIRAKN (National Indigenous Research and Knowledges Network) (2020). National Indigenous Research and Knowledges Network (NIRAKN) annual report, NIRAKN, Brisbane.

NITV (National Indigenous Television) (2016). Science Week: NITV talk to Indigenous scientists about their work and inspiration, NITV, Sydney, https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2016/08/20/science-week-nitv-talk-indigenous-scientists-about-their-work-and-inspiration.

NNTC (National Native Title Council) (2021). NNTC response to the Indigenous voice co-design interim report, NNTC, Canberra.

NNTT (National Native Title Tribunal) (2021). Native Title Determinations, extracted 16 June 2021 (dataset), National Native Title Tribunal, Brisbane, http://www.nntt.gov.au/assistance/Geospatial/Pages/Metadata.aspx?filename=%20ISO19139/Native%20Title%20Determinations.

Novak PA, Fairfield CA, Miloshis M, Knight ZC, Lindsay R & King AJ (2021). Bank erosion in a macrotidal tropical river: Exploring the relative impact of boat wash on riverbank erosion. River Research and Applications 37(1):3–16.

NREC (Ngarrindjeri Ruwe Empowered Communities) (2018). Ngarrindjeri Ruwe Empowered Communities, NREC, Murray Bridge, SA.

NT Treaty Commission (2021). Northern Territory Government, Darwin, https://treatynt.com.au/.

NTPHN (Northern Territory Primary Health Network) (2020). Stretch reconciliation action plan: embedding reconciliation. March 2020 – March 2023, NTPHN, Darwin.

Nunn PD & Reid NJ (2015). Aboriginal memories of inundation of the Australian coast dating from more than 7000 years ago. Australian Geographer 47(1):11–47.

Nursey-Bray M, Palmer R, Smith TF & Rist P (2019). Old ways for new days: Australian Indigenous peoples and climate change. Local Environment 24:473–486.