We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

Graphs, maps and tables

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Figure 01 Australia’s rainfall anomaly in 2019–20 and the trend in the national level of water storage since 2010

For more information, go toLandscapes and seascapes

Figure 02 Timeline of major events affecting air quality since 2016

km/h = kilometre per hour; m² ⁼ square metre

For more information, go toLandscapes and seascapes

Figure 03 Maximum PM_2.5 (fine particulate) concentration in capital cities, 1999–2019

μg/m³ = microgram per cubic metre; NEPM = National Environment Protection Measure

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Go to data.gov

For more information, go toLandscapes and seascapes

Figure 04 New sea ice forming near Casey Station in Antarctica

Photo: Alison McMorrow; © Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment

For more information, go toLandscapes and seascapes

Figure 05 Coral bleaching on the Great Barrier Reef

Photo: Shutterstock

For more information, go toEcosystems

Figure 06 Number of threatened species subject to one or more threats

Source: Kearney et al. (2018a)

Reproduced with permission from Cambridge University Press

For more information, go toBiodiversity

Figure 07 Threatened Species Index plant populations (1995–2017), mammal populations (1995–2017) and bird populations (1985–2017)

Note: The Australian Government’s NESP Threatened Species Index is based on data from multiple monitoring programs of population trends.

Source: National Environmental Science Program (NESP) Threatened Species Recovery Hub

For more information, go toBiodiversity

Figure 08 Threatened fauna, from left to right: thick-billed grasswren; Carpentarian rock-rat; painted button-quail

Photos: Grasswren – Babs and Bert Wells (Department of Conservation and Land Management, Western Australia); rock-rat – Dr Colin R Trainor; quail – Brian Furby collection

For more information, go toBiodiversity

Figure 09 Dead sandalwood tree

Photo: McLellan et al. (2021b), McLellan et al. (2021a)

For more information, go toBiodiversity

Figure 10 Strong Peoples – Strong Country framework, grounded in Traditional Owner values, showing the connections between Country, people and culture

Source: Jarvis et al. (2019)

For more information, go toHuman society and wellbeing