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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

Authors and acknowledgements

Authors

Headshot of author Dan Metcalfe
Dr Dan Metcalfe
Dr Dan Metcalfe is the Director for CSIRO Oceans & Atmosphere. Dan brings a strong record in science leadership that spans the broad domain of environmental research, deep network across the innovation system, as well as successful stakeholder management at all levels. Recently Dan led the coordination of CSIRO’s science response to the 2019/20 summer bushfires, and subsequent initiatives to improve government, community and industry resilience to climate-related natural hazards. He has also led CSIRO efforts to address the environmental and social consequences of the coincidence of drought, water allocations and extreme weather in the Murray-Darling Basin as well as contributing to the ongoing management of the Great Barrier Reef as member of the Reef 2050 Advisory Committee. He was awarded a PhD from the University of Cambridge for work in the tropics of South-east Asia and has also worked across southern and eastern Africa and Australasia. He spent over two decades working in landscape ecology and sustainable resource management across the rainforests and savannahs of northern and eastern Australia and has contributed to the development of monitoring and assessment protocols, provided advice and conducted assessments and reviews for state and territory governments and the national governments of Australia and New Zealand. He was a member of Minister Ley’s Wildlife and Threatened Species Bushfire Recovery Expert Panel and was author of the Land theme in the 2016 State of the Environment Report.
Headshot of author Oliver Costello
Mr Oliver Costello
Mr Oliver Costello is a Bundjalung man from the Northern Rivers of NSW and has been actively engaged in Cultural Land Management projects. He believes strongly in the role of Aboriginal culture as a keystone to maintaining livelihoods, supporting identity, connection to Country and enabling healthy and regenerative communities to care for Country. He co-founded the Firesticks Initiative and is a founding Director of both the Firesticks Alliance Indigenous Corporation and Jagun Alliance Aboriginal Corporation. He holds a Bachelor of Arts in Adult Education and Community Management from the University of Technology, Sydney. He has a broad range of experience in Natural Cultural Resource management, cultural fire practices, Aboriginal Joint Management partnerships, Culturally significant species and threatened species management. Oliver works to support a range of research, policy, advocacy and on ground projects. He is passionate about Aboriginal leadership, empowerment, partnerships and recognition of cultural knowledge and practice. 
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Acknowledgements 

The authors acknowledge the many people who have provided advice, input and support as we have developed this thematic report: notably Amy Warnick for coordination and referencing, Michele Lockwood for help with early drafts of the Indigenous bushfire section, Roger Morrison for managing interactions with the Australian Government, Kylie Evans for editorial suggestions, Philip Rofe for chasing data and images, and John Turnbull for help with assessments.