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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

Environment management framework

The management of Australia’s environment involves many components and many organisations. Most land management is undertaken by landholders, Indigenous communities, nongovernment organisations, industry and volunteers, but only a very small proportion of this management is undertaken with the direct purpose of maintaining or improving environmental values. Conversely, most marine management is undertaken by government (both national and state and territory), with significant efforts directed towards environmental management.

Governments at local, regional, state, territory and national levels – in collaboration with partners – implement a broad range of policies and programs designed to tackle major threats to both the terrestrial and marine environments. These include management of protected areas, protection of heritage, and measures to protect threatened species and ecological communities, and to promote their longer-term recovery.

Australia’s Indigenous people have cared for the lands and seas over countless generations and continue to do so today. Their role in caring for Country is far more than environmental management – it is responsibility and stewardship of the land and seas, caring for Country as if land and seas, and plants and animals are kin. There is a complex web of government laws and agreements that relate to Indigenous people and the environment, but – overall – they are not adequate to deliver the rights that Indigenous people seek. Indigenous people are severely impacted in their ability to continue to manage Country and ensure its continued health. The mismanagement of Country that has occurred since colonisation began drives many Indigenous communities to demand management options that recognise and include Indigenous knowledge and Indigenous participation. Indigenous people continue to call for legislative recognition of their right to care for Country.