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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

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Hamilton R, Penny D, Gillespie J & Ingrey S (2020). Buried under colonial concrete, Botany Bay has even been robbed of its botany, The Conversation, Melbourne, https://theconversation.com/buried-under-colonial-concrete-botany-bay-has-even-been-robbed-of-its-botany-135315.

Harris C (2021). Linking Indigenous ecological knowledge and Western science. CSIRO Ecos 280.

Hartwig LD, Jackson S & Osborne N (2020). Trends in Aboriginal water ownership in New South Wales, Australia: the continuities between colonial and neoliberal forms of dispossession. Land Use Policy 99:104869.

HCA (2018). Northern Territory v Griffiths (2019) 93 ALJR 327, HCA, Canberra.

HCANZ (2020). Dhawura Ngilan: a vision for Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander heritage in Australia, Heritage Chairs of Australia and New Zealand, Australian Government Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment, Canberra.

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Hemming S, Rigney D, Muller SL, Rigney G & Campbell I (2017). A new direction for water management? Indigenous nation building as a strategy for river health. Ecology and Society 22(2):13–24.

Hemming V, Burgman MA, Hanea AM, McBride MF & Wintle BC (2018). A practical guide to structured expert elicitation using the IDEA protocol. Methods in Ecology and Evolution 9(1):169–180.

Hill R, Pert PI, Davies J, Walsh FJ & Falco-Mammone F (2013). Indigenous land management in Australia: extent, scope, diversity, barriers and success factors, CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Cairns.

Hill R, Walsh F, Davies J & Sandford M (2011). Our Country Our Way: guidelines for Australian Indigenous Protected Area management plans, Australian Government Department of Sustainability, Water, Environment, Population and Communities & CSIRO Ecosystem Sciences, Cairns.

Hill R, Walsh FJ, Davies J, Sparrow A, Mooney M, Wise RM & Tengö M (2020). Knowledge co-production for Indigenous adaptation pathways: Transform post-colonial articulation complexes to empower local decision-making. Global Environmental Change 65:102161.

Holcombe S & Janke T (2012). Patenting the Kakadu plum and the Marjarla tree: biodiscovery, intellectual property and Indigenous knowledge. In: Rimmer M & McLennan A (eds), Intellectual property and emerging technologies: the new biology, Edward Elgar, 293–319.

Horvat A (2020). The Garragal Project: highlighting the value of Indigenous knowledge, CSIROscope, Canberra.

HREC (Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission) (1997). Report of the National Inquiry into the separation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children from their families, HREC & Australian Government, Canberra.

Hunter E (2020). Indigenous mental health: the limits of medicalised solutions. Australasian Psychiatry 28:55–57.