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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

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Cica N (2011). Pedder dreaming: Olegas Truchanas and a lost Tasmanian wilderness, University of Queensland Press, Brisbane.

Climate Council (2019). ‘This is not normal’: climate change and escalating bushfire risk, Climate Council of Australia, Sydney.

Cochrane RM & Joyce EB (1986). Geological features of national and international significance in Australia, Geological Society of Australia, Canberra.

Collard S (2021). Budget 2021: what’s in it for First Nations Australians?, NITV News, SBS, Sydney, https://www.sbs.com.au/nitv/article/2021/05/12/budget-2021-whats-it-first-nations-australians.

Conejos S, Langston C, Chan EH & Chew MY (2016). Governance of heritage buildings: Australian regulatory barriers to adaptive reuse. Building Research & Information 44(5–6):507–519.

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Cresswell ID (2018). Geoheritage and geoconservation in Australia. Australian Journal of Earth Sciences 66(6):753–766.

Crivellaro G (2020). Federally protected sacred women’s site still at risk of irreparable damage. National Indigenous Times. https://nit.com.au/federally-protected-sacred-womens-site-still-at-risk-of-irreparable-damage.

Crocker R & Davies B (2005). Identifying inspirational landscapes – stage 2, vol 1: main project report, Robin Crocker & Associates, Planisphere, Canberra.

Croft B, Toussaint S, Meakins F & McConvell P (2019). ‘For the children … ’: Aboriginal Australia, cultural access, and archival obligation. In: Barwick L, Green J & Vaarzon-Morel P (eds), Archival returns: central Australia and beyond, Sydney University Press, Sydney, 173–191.

Crofts R, Gordon JE & Santucci VL (2015). Geoconservation in protected areas. In: Worboys GL, Lockwood M, Kothari A, Feary S & Pulsford I (eds), Protected area governance and management, ANU Press, Canberra, 531–568.

Cronstedt M, Thomas G & Considine P (2019). AFAC Independent Operational Review: A review of the management of the Tasmanian fires of December 2018 – March 2019, Limited AFaESAC, East Melbourne, Victoria.

Cross H (2021a). New mining guidelines to protect cultural heritage. National Indigenous Times. https://nit.com.au/new-mining-guidelines-to-protect-cultural-heritage.

Cross H (2021b). Federal budget wrap 2021–22: lacklustre funding for mob, National Indigenous Times, Perth, https://nit.com.au/federal-budget-wrap-2021-22-lacklustre-funding-for-mob.

Crossley L (2009). Paradoxes of protection: evolution of the Tasmanian Parks and Wildlife Service and National Parks and Reserved Lands System, report prepared for Senator Christine Milne, Australian Greens, Canberra.

Cultural Burning Knowledge Hub (2021). Cultural burning, Cultural Burning Knowledge Hub, Melbourne, https://culturalburning.org.au.