We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

K

Keywood MD, Hibberd MF & Emmerson KM (2017). Australia state of the environment 2016: atmosphere, independent report to the Australian Government Minister for the Environment and Energy, Australian Government Department of the Environment and Energy, Canberra.

Knibbs L (2020). Satellite PM_2.5 data 2015–2018 (dataset), Centre for Air pollution, energy and health Research, Sydney.

Knibbs LD, Coorey CP, Bechle MJ, Cowie CT, Dirgawati M, Heyworth JS, Marks GB, Marshall JD, Morawska L, Pereira G & Hewson MG (2016). Independent validation of national satellite-based land-use regression models for nitrogen dioxide using passive samplers. Environmental Science and Technology 50(22):12331–12338.

Knibbs LD, van Donkelaar A, Martin RV, Bechle MJ, Brauer M, Cohen DD et al. (2018). Satellite-based land-use regression for continental-scale long-term ambient PM_2.5 exposure assessment in Australia. Environmental Science and Technology 52(21):12445–12455.

Knox RB (1993). Grass pollen, thunderstorms and asthma. Clinical and Experimental Allergy 23(5):354–359.

Kumar P, Druckman A, Gallagher J, Gatersleben B, Allison S, Eisenman TS et al. (2019). The nexus between air pollution, green infrastructure and human health. Environment International 133:105181.