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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

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Udyawer V, Barnes P, Bonnet X, Brischoux F, Crowe-Riddell J, D’Anastasi B et al. (2018). Future directions in the research and management of marine snakes. Frontiers in Marine Science 5:399.

Udyawer V, Oxenham K, Hourston M & Heupel M (2020). Distribution, fisheries interactions and assessment of threats to Australia’s sea snakes, report to the National Environmental Science Program, Marine Biodiversity Hub, Hobart.

Udyawer V, Simpfendorfer C, Heupel M & Clark T (2016). Coming up for air: thermal-dependence of dive behaviours and metabolism in sea snakes. Journal of Experimental Biology 219(21):3447–3454.

UNCEEA (United Nations Committee of Experts on Environmental–Economic Accounting) (2014). System of environmental–economic accounting 2012: central framework, UNCEEA, New York.

UNCEEA (United Nations Committee of Experts on Environmental–Economic Accounting) (2021). System of environmental–economic accounting: ecosystem accounting – final draft, UNCEEA, New York.

UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction) (2015). Sendai framework for disaster risk reduction 2015–2030, UNDRR, Geneva.

UNEP & FAO (United Nations Environment Programme & Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2021). United Nations decade on ecosystem restoration, UNEP & FAO, Nairobi, https://www.decadeonrestoration.org.

UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization) (2011). UNESCO recommendation on the historic urban landscape, UNESCO, Paris, https://whc.unesco.org/en/hul/.

UNPFII (United Nations Permanent Forum on Indigenous Issues) (2007). Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples: frequently asked questions, United Nations, New York.

Unsworth R & Cullen-Unsworth L (2014). Biodiversity, ecosystem services, and the conservation of seagrass meadows. Coastal Conservation 19:95.