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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

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OAGWA (Office of the Auditor General Western Australia) (2018). Western Australian Auditor General’s report: management of salinity, OAGWA, Perth.

Ocean Panel (2021). High Level Panel for a Sustainable Ocean Economy, World Resources Institute, Washington, DC, https://oceanpanel.org.

Ochwada-Doyle F, Mcleod J, Barrett G, Clarke G & Gray C (2014). Spatial patterns of recreational exploitation in eastern Australian ROFAs: implications for zonal management. Fisheries Management and Ecology 21(5):383–397.

OEH (NSW Government Office of Environment and Heritage) (2019). Review of air quality monitoring network design, no. OEH 2019/0161, OEH, Sydney.

OEM (Office of Emergency Management) (2018). Bega Valley fires independent review, NSW Department of Justice, Sydney.

Olivelli A, Hardesty B & Wilcox C (2020). Coastal margins and backshores represent a major sink for marine debris: insights from a continental-scale analysis. Environmental Research Letters 15(7):074037.

Oliver E, Benthuysen J, Bindoff N, Hobday A, Holbrook N, Mundy C & Perkins-Kirkpatrick S (2017). The unprecedented 2015/16 Tasman Sea marine heatwave. Nature Communications 8(1):16101.

Ong SP, O’Dowd DJ & Green PT (2019). Production and export of the parasitoid Tachardiaephagus somervilli (Chalcidoidea: Encyrtidae), a biological control agent for the yellow lac scale, Tachardina aurantiaca (Hemiptera: Coccoidea: Kerriidae). Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology 22(2):543–548.

Osipova E, Emslie-Smith M, Osti M, Murai M, Åberg U & Shadie P (2020). IUCN World Heritage outlook 3: a conservation assessment of all natural World Heritage sites, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.

O’Donnell E, Godden L & O’Bryan K (2021). Cultural water for cultural economies, final report of the ‘Accessing water to meet Aboriginal economic development needs’ project, University of Melbourne, Melbourne.

O’Neill C, Green D & Lui W (2012). How to make climate change research relevant for Indigenous communities in Torres Strait, Australia. Local Environment 17(10):1104–1120.