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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

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Ogilvy S, Gardner M, Mallawaarachichi T, Schirmer J, Brown K & Heagney E (2018). Report: graziers with better profitability, biodiversity and wellbeing, Vanguard Business Services, Canberra.

Olson DM, Dinerstein E, Wikramanayake ED, Burgess ND, Powell GVN, Underwood EC et al. (2001). Terrestrial ecoregions of the world: a new map of life on Earth. Bioscience 51(11):933–938.

ONA (Office of Northern Australia) (2018). Developing northern Australia: implementation report 2018, Australian Government Department of Infrastructure, Transport, Regional Development and Communications, Canberra.

Orr BJ, Cowie AL, Sanchez VMC, Chasek P, Crossman ND, Erlewein A, Louwagie G, Maron M, Metternicht GI, Minelli S, Tengberg AE, Walter S & Welton S (2017). Scientific conceptual framework for land degradation neutrality. A report of the science–policy interface, United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification, Bonn, Germany.

Owers CJ, Lucas RM, Clewley D, Planque C, Punalekar S, Tissott B, Chua SMT, Bunting P, Mueller N & Metternicht G (2021). Living Earth: implementing national standardised land cover classification systems for Earth observation in support of sustainable development. Big Earth Data 5(3):368–390.

O’Dea K, White NG & Sinclair AJ (1988). An investigation of nutrition-related risk factors in an isolated Aboriginal community in northern Australia: advantages of a traditionally-orientated life-style. Medical Journal of Australia 148(4):177–180.

O’Grady A, Pinkard L, Mount R, Schmidt B, Cresswell I & Stewart S (2020). Conceptual model to support natural capital accounting of a forestry enterprise, report to Forests and Wood Products Australia and Department of Agriculture, Water and the Environment as part of the Rural Research for Development and Profit Program, CSIRO, Hobart.