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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

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FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations) (2017). Voluntary guidelines for sustainable soil management, FAO, Rome.

Federal Court of Australia (2021). Bob Brown Foundation Inc v Commonwealth of Australia (2021) FCAFC 5, Federal Court of Australia, Canberra.

Ferrier S & Drielsma M (2010). Synthesis of pattern and process in biodiversity conservation assessment: a flexible whole-landscape modelling framework. Diversity and Distributions 16(3):386–402.

Fierer N, Wood SA & Bueno de Mesquita CP (2021). How microbes can, and cannot, be used to assess soil health. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 153:108111.

Firn J, Martin TG, Walters B, Hayes J, Nicol S, Chadès I & Carwardine J (2013). Priority threat management of invasive plants species in the Lake Eyre Basin, CSIRO & Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane.

Fletcher D (2021). Feral horses in Kosciuszko National Park: population trends 2000–20, Reclaim Kosci, Melbourne.

Foley M (2021). Investors place Australian bets on compulsory emissions reductions, Sydney Morning Herald, Sydney, https://www.smh.com.au/politics/federal/investors-place-australian-bets-on-compulsory-emissions-reductions-20210118-p56uy9.html.

Franco LS, Shanahan DF & Fuller RA (2017). A review of the benefits of nature experiences: more than meets the eye. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14(8):864.

Froese JG, Gooden B, Hulthen AD, Ponce-Reyes R, Burley AL, Cherry H, Hamilton M, Nipperess DA, Russell B, West P & Williams KJ (2021). Assessing invasive alien species pressures on biodiversity in New South Wales. Biodiversity Indicator Program implementation report, New South Wales Department of Planning, Industry and Environment, Sydney.

Froese JG, Smith CS, Durr PA, McAlpine CA & van Klinken RD (2017). Modelling seasonal habitat suitability for wide-ranging species: invasive wild pigs in northern Australia. PLoS One 12(5):e0177018.