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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

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Fensham RJ, Carnegie AJ, Laffineur B, Makinson RO, Pegg GS & Wills J (2020a). Imminent extinction of Australian Myrtaceae by fungal disease. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 35(7):554–557.

Fensham RJ, Laffineur B, Collingwood TD, Beech E, Bell S, Hopper SD, Phillips G, Rivers MC, Walsh N & White M (2020b). Rarity or decline: key concepts for the Red List of Australian eucalypts. Biological Conservation 243:108455.

Fernandez-Winzer L, Berthon KA, Entwistle P, Manea A, Winzer N, Pegg GS, Carnegie AJ & Leishman MR (2020). Direct and indirect community effects of the invasive plant pathogen Austropuccinia psidii (myrtle rust) in eastern Australian rainforests. Biological Invasions 22(7):2357–2369.

Finlayson CM, Capon SJ, Rissik D, Pittock J, Fisk G, Davidson NC, Bodmin KA, Papas P, Robertson HA, Schallenberg M, Saintilan N, Edyvane K & Bino G (2017). Policy considerations for managing wetlands under a changing climate. Marine and Freshwater Research 68(10):1803–1815.

Florabase (online database) (2021). Western Australian flora statistics, Western Australian Herbarium, Biodiversity and Conservation Science, Department of Biodiversity, Conservation and Attractions, Perth, https://florabase.dpaw.wa.gov.au/statistics/.

FloraNT Northern Territory Flora Online (online database) (2015). Threatened species, Northern Territory Herbarium, Department of Land Resource Management, Palmerston, http://eflora.nt.gov.au/browseThreatenedSpecies?viewLevel=all&exactMatches=&filterOnThreatened=&filterOnCheckList=&heading=tsTaxonSearch&simple=.

Florin SA, Fairbairn AS, Nango M, Djandjomerr D, Marwick B, Fullagar R, Smith M, Wallis LA & Clarkson C (2020). The first Australian plant foods at Madjedbebe, 65,000–53,000 years ago. Nature Communications 11:924.

Foran B, Stafford Smith M, Burnside D, Andrew M, Blesing D, Forrest K & Taylor J (2019). Australian rangeland futures: time now for systemic responses to interconnected challenges. The Rangeland Journal 41(3):271–292.

Fuller RA, Jackson MV, Amano T, Choi CY, Clemens RS, Hansen BD, Lin DL, Steven R & Woodworth BK (2020). Collect, connect, upscale: towards coordinated monitoring of migratory shorebirds in the Asia-Pacific. Australian Zoologist 41(2):205–213.