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Table 10 Walk score Australia’s 21 largest cities, 2020

Urban area	Walk score (out of 100)	Classification	Most walkable suburbs
Adelaide	54	Somewhat walkable	Adelaide, Glenelg and Stepney
Albury–Wodonga	58 / 40^a	Somewhat walkable / car-dependent	North Albury, South Albury, Glenroy, West Albury, East Albury / Wodonga, West Wodonga and Bandiana
Ballarat	41	Car-dependent	Ballarat Central, Lake Wendouree and Soldiers Hill
Bendigo	39	Car-dependent	Bendigo, Ironbark and Kennington
Brisbane	51	Somewhat walkable	Brisbane City, Fortitude Valley and Spring Hill
Cairns	41	Car-dependent	Cairns City, Parramatta Park and Manunda
Canberra	40	Car-dependent	City, Kingston and Barton
Darwin	45	Car-dependent	Darwin City, Wagaman and The Gardens
Gold Coast –Tweed Heads	48 / 39^a	Car-dependent	Broadbeach, Surfers Paradise and Coolangatta / Tweed Heads, Kingscliff and Tweed Heads South
Geelong	53	Somewhat walkable	Geelong, Geelong West and South Geelong
Hobart	44	Car-dependent	Hobart, Battery Point and Glebe
Launceston	43	Car-dependent	Launceston, East Launceston and Invermay
Mackay	36	Car-dependent	Mackay, Mount Pleasant and West Mackay
Melbourne	57	Somewhat walkable	Carlton, Fitzroy and Fitzroy North
Newcastle–Maitland	49 / 36^a	Car-dependent	Newcastle, The Hill and Cooks Hill / Lorn, Maitland and South Maitland
Perth	50	Somewhat walkable	Northbridge, Perth and Highgate
Sunshine Coast	44	Car-dependent	Caloundra, Kings Beach and Moffat Beach
Sydney	63	Somewhat walkable	Haymarket, The Rocks and Sydney
Toowoomba	46	Car-dependent	Toowoomba City, East Toowoomba and South Toowoomba
Townsville	40	Car-dependent	Townsville City, Mysterton and Thuringowa Central
Wollongong	48	Car-dependent	Wollongong, Gwynneville and Fairy Meadow

One score is for the first city listed, and the second score is for the second city.

Source: Walk Score (2021)

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Table 11 Livability indicator (access to open spaces) in Australia’s 21 largest urban areas, 2018

Urban area	Access to open space (percentage of dwellings within 400 metres, based on a walkable road network distance; ranking)
Adelaide	47% (11)
Albury–Wodonga	52% (8)
Ballarat	58% (2)
Bendigo	42% (14)
Brisbane	56% (5)
Cairns	43% (13)
Canberra	72% (1)
Darwin	50% (9)
Gold Coast – Tweed Heads	57% (4)
Geelong	44% (12)
Hobart	40% (15)
Launceston	37% (16)
Mackay	55% (6)
Melbourne	49% (10)
Newcastle–Maitland	58% (3)
Perth	57% (4)
Sunshine Coast	53% (7)
Sydney	50% (9)
Toowoomba	42% (14)
Townsville	43% (13)
Wollongong	43% (13)

Source: Adapted from AUO (2018)

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Table 12 Sample of threatened species by major urban area

City	Number of threatened species
Brisbane	30
Central Coast	39
Gold Coast – Tweed Heads	39
Hobart	29
Melbourne	46
Newcastle–Maitland	33
Perth	35
Sydney	80
Sunshine Coast	26
Wollongong	29

Source: ACF (2020)

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Table 13 Total urban threatened species habitat cleared in each state and territory, 2000–17

State	Hectares of habitat destroyed	Percentage of total loss
Qld	12,923	64
NSW and ACT	3,960	20
WA	1,789	9
Tas	673	3
Vic	372	2
SA	300	1
NT	195	1

ACT = Australian Capital Territory; NSW = New South Wales; NT = Northern Territory; Qld = Queensland; SA = South Australia; Tas = Tasmania; Vic = Victoria; WA = Western Australia

Source: ACF (2020)

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Table 14 Average annual residential water supplied (kL/property)

Major urban centre^a	2013–14	2014–15	2015–16	2016–17	2017–18	Change, 2016–17 to 2017–18 (%)
Adelaide	183	186	206	171	195	14
Canberra	203	188	195	190	197	4
Darwin	407	409	405	361	368	2
Melbourne^b	150	149	154	149	148	–1
Perth	254	244	240	223	219	–2
South East Queensland^b	164^c	160	159	158	155	–2
Sydney	206	201	201	206	215	4

kL = kilolitre

The figures exclude bulk utilities because they do not supply to customers.
Melbourne and South East Queensland figures are the weighted averages for the respective retailers (i.e. W8/C2 – total connected residential properties: water supply).
Redland City Council did not report against this indicator in 2013–14.

Source: BOM (2019b)

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Table 15 Total water use and Australian area average rainfall, 2014–15 to 2019–20

Year	Average rainfall (mm)	Total water use (GL, thousand)
2014–15	423	15
2015–16	467	14
2016–17	596	14
2017–18	441	15
2018–19	352	13
2019–20	347	11

GL = gigalitre; mm = millimetre

Source: ABS (2021g)

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Table 16 Recycled water supplied (megalitres), 2015–16 to 2019–20

Major urban centre	2015–16^a	2016–17^a	2017–18	2018–19	2019–20	Change, 2018–19 to 2019–20 (%)
Adelaide	28,481	21,564	26,564	30,533	23,803	–22
Canberra	4,053	4,404	77	60	75	25
Darwin	80	541	451	488	0	–100
Melbourne^b	34,892	32,442	38,147	45,535	42,877	–6
Perth	10,212	9,568	12,100	9,817	20,681	111
South East Queensland^b	19,822	14,755	13,056	15,445	14,874	–4
Sydney	43,342	28,340	42,833	44,020	46,919	7

Data for 2016–17 and earlier are sourced from the 2016–17 published National Performance Report, as the definition of W26 changed from 2017–18.
Melbourne and South East Queensland figures for W26 are the aggregated figures for the bulk utility and the retailers.
Seqwater and Redland City Council did not report against this indicator in 2015–16.

Source: BOM (2021b)

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Table 17 Australian energy consumption by fuel type

Energy type	2018–19		Average growth
Energy type	Petajoules	Share (%)	2018–19 (%)	Over 10 years (%)
Oil	2,402.1	38.8	1.3	1.7
Coal	1,801.6	29.1	–2.5	–2.3
Gas	1,592.7	25.7	2.2	2.7
Renewables	399.6	6.4	4.6	3.9
Total	6,196.0	100.0	0.6	0.7

Source: DISER (2020b)

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Table 18 Average number of days above 35 °C, under various climate change scenarios

City	1995	2030 RCP4.5	2090 RCP2.6	2090 RCP4.5	2090 RCP8.5
Adelaide	20.0	26.0	28.0	32.0	47.0
Alice Springs	94.0	113.0	119.0	133.0	168.0
Amberly	12.0	18.0	18.0	27.0	55.0
Broome	56.0	87.0	95.0	133.0	231.0
Cairns	3.0	5.5	5.5	11.0	48.0
Canberra	7.1	12.0	13.0	17.0	29.0
Darwin	11.0	43.0	52.0	111.0	265.0
Dubbo	22.0	31.0	34.0	44.0	65.0
Hobart	1.6	2.0	2.0	2.6	4.2
Melbourne	11.0	13.0	14.0	16.0	24.0
Mildura	33.0	42.0	44.0	52.0	73.0
Perth	28.0	36.0	37.0	43.0	63.0
St George	40.0	54.0	58.0	70.0	101.0
Sydney	3.0	4.3	4.5	6.0	11.0
Wilcannia	47.0	57.0	60.0	67.0	87.0

Note: The table shows 2030 under Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 4.5, and 2090 under RCP2.6, RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, based on model changes for 2020–39 and 2080–99 relative to 1986–2005.

Source: CSIRO & BOM (2015)

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Table 19 Minimum height (metres) structures would need to be raised to avoid sea level rise, in selected locations, in 2030, 2050, 2070 and 2090

Location	2030	2050	2070	2090
Albany	0.13–0.14	0.24–0.28	0.36–0.50	0.50–0.81
Bunbury	0.12–0.13	0.22–0.27	0.34–0.47	0.47–0.75
Darwin	0.12–0.13	0.21–0.26	0.32–0.45	0.43–0.71
Fremantle	0.12–0.13	0.22–0.28	0.34–0.47	0.47–0.76
Geraldton	0.12–0.13	0.22–0.27	0.35–0.48	0.49–0.78
Mackay	0.13–0.14	0.22–0.28	0.33–0.47	0.44–0.73
Newcastle	0.14–0.15	0.24–0.30	0.36–0.53	0.49–0.86
Port Adelaide	0.13–0.14	0.24–0.28	0.36–0.50	0.50–0.81
Port Hedland	0.12–0.13	0.21–0.26	0.32–0.44	0.43–0.70
Sydney	0.14–0.15	0.24–0.30	0.35–0.52	0.48–0.84
Townsville	0.13–0.14	0.23–0.28	0.33–0.47	0.44–0.74
Victor Harbor	0.12–0.13	0.21–0.25	0.32–0.44	0.43–0.69

Note: Covers all Representative Concentration Pathway emissions scenarios.

Source: CSIRO & BOM (2015)

For more information, go toClimate change