Sources: Searle (2021a), Searle (2021b); map projection: Australian Albers GDA94 (ICSM n.d.)
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Photos: Ben Sparrow and Mark Grant
Notes:
- Definitions of land cover classes are given in ABS (2021e).
- See case study: Ecosystem accounting in a protected area
Sources: DEA land cover (Landsat) (2021); map projection: Australian Albers GDA94 (ICSM n.d.)


Sources: Mueller et al. (2016), GA (2018); map projection: Australian Albers GDA94 (ICSM n.d.)
Stock |
Removed (ha) |
Remnant (ha) |
Regrowth/modified (ha) |
Not applicable (ha) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Opening stock (NVIS 4.1 published in 2012) |
100,480,723 |
665,380,436 |
1,047,420 |
2,491,405 |
Removed |
0 |
−1,262,780 |
301,626 |
−32,091 |
Remnant |
1,262,780 |
0 |
241,793 |
−141,480 |
Regrowth/modified |
−301,626 |
−241,793 |
0 |
−611,356 |
Not applicable |
32,091 |
141,480 |
611,356 |
0 |
Closing stock (NVIS 6.0 published in 2020) |
101,473,968 |
664,017,343 |
2,202,195 |
1,706,478 |
ha = hectare; MVG = major vegetation group; MVS = major vegetation subgroup; NVIS = National Vegetation Information System
Notes:
- Areas are based on NVIS extant (‘present’) vegetation mapping. Specifically, NVIS v4.1 MVS (DSEWPaC 2012) and NVIS v6.0 MVG (DAWE 2020g), using the following categories:
‘Remnant’ is the area within the ‘present’ extent of MVSs in NVIS v4.1 (DSEWPaC 2012) or the MVGs in NVIS v6.0 (DAWE 2020g). In the case of NVIS v6.0, any one of the MVGs listed as ‘remnant native vegetation’ in Figure 2.
‘Removed’ is the area within the ‘present’ extent of MVSs in NVIS v4.1 (DSEWPaC 2012) or the MVG in NVIS v6.0 (DAWE 2020j): Cleared, non-native vegetation, buildings.
‘Regrowth/modified’ is the area within the ‘present’ extent of MVSs in NVIS v4.1 (DSEWPaC 2012) or MVG in NVIS v6.0 (DAWE 2020j): Regrowth, modified native vegetation.
‘Not applicable’ comprises Sea and estuaries, and Unknown/no data.
2. NVIS is an aggregation of each jurisdiction’s mapping of native vegetation extent, and the timestamps of these source datasets are highly variable.
Soil organic carbon |
Soil depth 0–200 cm (Gt C) |
Soil depth 0–100 cm (Gt C) |
Soil depth 0–30 cm (Gt C) |
---|---|---|---|
Stock (assuming no land use) |
83.7 |
55.9 |
23.5 |
Loss (attributed to land use) |
10.0 |
5.4 |
1.8 |
cm = centimetre; Gt C = gigatonnes of carbon
Source: Sanderman et al. (2017a)
Soil organic carbon fraction |
Median (t/ha) |
Total (Gt) |
Total (Gt) – lower 95% confidence limit |
Total (Gt) – upper 95% confidence limit |
---|---|---|---|---|
Particulate |
7.8 |
5.4 |
3.8 |
7.9 |
Humus |
27.3 |
20.8 |
14.2 |
27.1 |
Biologically resistant |
13.1 |
9.7 |
5.6 |
13.8 |
Total |
48.2 |
35.9 |
23.6 |
48.8 |
Gt = gigatonne; t/ha = tonnes per hectare
Source: Viscarra Rossel et al. (2019b)
Soil classification order |
Vulnerability to soil organic carbon loss (index) |
Extent of soil class (hectares, thousands) |
Extent of soil class as a percentage of extent of all Australian soils |
Percentage of extent of soil class modified by land use |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Minimum |
Mean |
Maximum |
|||||
Organosols |
0.34 |
0.84 |
1.29 |
1,253 |
0.16 |
4.4 |
|
Podosols |
0.28 |
0.66 |
1.44 |
1,887 |
0.25 |
39.9 |
|
Kurosols |
0.26 |
0.65 |
1.44 |
11,120 |
1.45 |
44.9 |
|
Ferrosols |
0.24 |
0.53 |
1.39 |
5,883 |
0.77 |
24.2 |
|
Dermosols |
0.20 |
0.50 |
1.48 |
23,302 |
3.04 |
25.1 |
|
Anthroposols |
0.31 |
0.49 |
1.00 |
44 |
0.01 |
100.0 |
|
Chromosols |
0.20 |
0.43 |
1.43 |
41,172 |
5.37 |
41.2 |
|
Sodosols |
0.19 |
0.41 |
1.49 |
55,636 |
7.25 |
35.8 |
|
Hydrosols |
0.19 |
0.40 |
1.42 |
22,553 |
2.94 |
7.8 |
|
Kandosols |
0.19 |
0.40 |
1.45 |
163,421 |
21.30 |
11.9 |
|
Tenosols |
0.19 |
0.40 |
1.54 |
113,294 |
14.77 |
3.3 |
|
Rudosols |
0.19 |
0.39 |
1.48 |
155,505 |
20.27 |
1.7 |
|
Calcarosols |
0.18 |
0.37 |
1.24 |
69,936 |
9.12 |
10.0 |
|
Vertosols |
0.18 |
0.30 |
1.33 |
102,249 |
13.33 |
19.9 |
|
Note: Vulnerability is an index derived from the ratio of particulate organic carbon (POC) to the sum of humus (HOC) and resistant organic carbon (ROC).
Sources: Soil organic carbon loss vulnerability (Viscarra Rossel et al. 2019b, Viscarra Rossel et al. 2019a); Australian soil classification national grid available from the Australian Collaborative Land Evaluation Program (ACLEP: CSIRO 2021a); soil classification orders (Isbell 2002) interpreted by Ashton & McKenzie (2001) from the digital atlas compiled by the Bureau of Rural Sciences (2000) from scans of the original mapping by Northcote et al. (1968). Percentages modified by land use (vegetation clearing) in each soil classification order derive from extant Major Vegetation Groups in National Vegetation Information System v6.0 (DAWE 2020g), as shown in Figure 12.