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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

References

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NDNQFRRA (National Drought and North Queensland Flood Response and Recovery Agency) (2020). 2019 Queensland monsoon trough. After the flood: a strategy for long-term recovery, NDNQFRRA, Canberra.

NDNQFRRA (National Drought and North Queensland Flood Response and Recovery Agency) (2021). 2021 eastern Australia storms and floods, NDNQFRRA, Canberra.

Negrón-Juárez R, Chambers JQ, Hurtt GC, Annane B, Cocke S, Powell M, Stott M, Goosem S, Metcalfe DJ & Saatchi SS (2014). Remote sensing assessment of forest disturbance across complex mountainous terrain: the pattern and severity of impacts of tropical cyclone Yasi on Australian rainforests. Remote Sensing 6:5633–5649.

Nicholson N, Nicholson H, Murray A, McKinley A, Stewart B & Wiseman M (2020). Response of rainforest plants to the 2019–20 bushfires: a case study from the Gondwanan rainforests of Richmond River area, unpublished report to the NSW National Parks and Wildlife Service, Landmark Ecological Services, Sydney.

Nidumolu U, Crimp S, Gobbett D, Laing A, Howden M & Little S (2010). Heat stress in dairy cattle in northern Victoria: responses to a changing climate, CSIRO Climate Adaptation Flagship Working Paper no. 10, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Canberra.

Nolan RH, Boer MM, Collins L, de Dios VR, Clarke H, Jenkins M, Kenny B & Bradstock RA (2020). Causes and consequences of eastern Australia’s 2019–20 season of mega-fires. Global Change Biology 26:1039–1041.

Nous Group (2016). Major incident review of the Esperance district fires review, Western Australian Department of Fire and Emergency Services, Perth.

NPWS (NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service) (2018). Nightcap and Whian fire threshold analysis 2018, NPWS, Alstonville.

NSW Rural Fire Service (2020). Bush Fire Bulletin 42(1).