Rae JWB, Burke A, Robinson LF, Adkins JF, Chen T, Cole C, Greenop T, Li E, Littley EFM, Nita DC, Stewart JA & Taylor BJ (2018). CO2 storage and release in the deep Southern Ocean on millennial to centennial timescales. Nature 562:569–573.
Rahaman W, Chatterjee S, Ejaz T & Thamban M (2019). Increased influence of ENSO on Antarctic temperature since the industrial era. Scientific Reports 9:6006.
Randel WJ, Polvani L, Wu F, Kinnison DE, Zou CZ & Mears C (2017). Troposphere-stratosphere temperature trends derived from satellite data compared with ensemble simulations from WACCM. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 122(18):9651–9667.
Rapp HT, Janussen D & Tendal OS (2011). Calcareous sponges from abyssal and bathyl depths in the Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 58(1–2):58–67.
Ray DK, West PC, Clark M, Gerber JS, Prishchepov AV & Chatterjee S (2019). Climate change has likely already affected global food production. PLOS ONE 14(5):e0217148.
Raymond T, King C, Raymond B, Stark J & Snape I (2017). Oil pollution in Antarctica. In: Fingas M (ed), Oil spill science and technology, 2nd edn, Gulf Professional Publishing, Houston, 759–803.
Reid K (2019). Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR): implementation of conservation of Southern Ocean marine living resources. In: Liu N, Brooks CM & Qin T (eds), Governing marine living resources in the polar regions, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, United Kingdom, 30–42.
Reid P & Massom R (2015). Successive Antarctic sea ice extent records during 2012, 2013, and 2014 (in ‘State of the climate in 2014’). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 96(7):S163–S164.
Reid P, Stammerjohn S, Massom RA, Barreira S, Scambos T & Lieser JL (2020). Sea ice extent, concentration, and seasonality (in ‘State of the climate in 2019’). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 101(8):S304–S306.
Reid P, Stammerjohn S, Massom RA, Lieser J, Barreira S & Scambos T (2018). Sea ice extent, concentration, and seasonality (in ‘State of the climate in 2017’). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 99(8):S183–S185.
Reid P, Stammerjohn S, Massom RA, Lieser JL, Barreira S & Scambos T (2017). Sea ice extent, concentration, and seasonality (in ‘State of the climate in 2016’). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 98(8):S163–S166.
Revill AT, Snape I, Lucieer A & Guille D (2007). Constraints on transport and weathering of petroleum contamination at Casey Station, Antarctica. Cold Regions Science and Technology 48:154-167.
Rexer-Huber K, Veale AJ, Catry P, Cherel Y, Dutoit L, Foster Y et al. (2019). Genomics detects population structure within and between ocean basins in a circumpolar seabird: the white-chinned petrel. Molecular Ecology 28(20):4552–4572.
Rhein M, Rintoul SR, Aoki S, Campos E, Chambers D, Feely RA, Gulev S, Johnson GC, Josey SA, Kostianoy A, Mauritzen C, Roemmich D, Talley LD & Wang F (2013). Observations: ocean. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner GK, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V & Midgley PM (eds), Climate change 2013: the physical science basis, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, United States, 255–316.
Richard G, Bonnel J, Tixier P, Arnould JPY, Janc A & Guinet C (2020). Evidence of deep-sea interactions between toothed whales and longlines. Ambio 49(1):173–186.
Rignot E, Mouginot J, Morlighem M, Seroussi H & Scheuchl B (2014). Widespread, rapid grounding line retreat of Pine Island, Thwaites, Smith, and Kohler glaciers, West Antarctica, from 1992 to 2011. Geophysical Research Letters 41(10):3502–3509.
Rignot E, Mouginot J, Scheuchl B, van den Broeke M, van Wessem MJ & Morlighem M (2019). Four decades of Antarctic ice sheet mass balance from 1979–2017. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116(4):1095–1103.
Rintoul SR (2007). Rapid freshening of Antarctic bottom water formed in the Indian and Pacific oceans. Geophysical Research Letters 34(6):L06606.
Rintoul SR (2018). The global influence of localized dynamics in the Southern Ocean. Nature 558(7709):209–218.
Rintoul SR, Chown SL, DeConto RM, England MH, Fricker HA, Masson-Delmotte V, Naish TR, Siegert MJ & Xavier JC (2018). Choosing the future of Antarctica. Nature 558(7709):233–241.
Rintoul SR, Hughes C & Olbers D (2001). The Antarctic circumpolar current system. In: Siedler G, Church J & Gould J (eds), Ocean circulation and climate: observing and modelling the global ocean, Academic Press, London, 271–302.
Roach LA, Dörr J, Holmes CR, Massonnet F, Blockley EW, Notz D, Rackow T, Raphael MN, O’Farrell SP, Bailey DA & Bitz CM (2020). Antarctic sea ice area in CMIP6. Geophysical Research Letters 47(9):e2019GL086729.
Roberts J, Plummer C, Vance T, van Ommen T, Moy A, Poynter S, Treverrow A, Curran M & George S (2015). A 2000-year annual record of snow accumulation rates for Law Dome, East Antarctica. Climate of the Past 11(5):697–707.
Roberts JL, Warner RC, Young D, Wright A, van Ommen TD, Blankenship DD, Siegert M, Young NW, Tabacco IE, Forieri A, Passerini A, Zirizzotti A & Frezzotti M (2011). Refined broad-scale sub-glacial morphology of Aurora Subglacial Basin, East Antarctica derived by an ice-dynamics-based interpolation scheme. The Cryosphere 5(3):551–560.
Robinson SA & Copson GR (2014). Eradication of cats (Felis catus) from subantarctic Macquarie Island. Ecological Management and Restoration 15(1):34–40.
Robinson SA, King DH, Bramley-Alves J, Waterman MJ, Ashcroft MB, Wasley J, Turnbull JD, Miller RE, Ryan-Colton E, Benny T, Mullany K, Clarke LJ, Barry LA & Hua Q (2018). Rapid change in East Antarctic terrestrial vegetation in response to regional drying. Nature Climate Change 8(10):879–884.
Robinson SA, Klekociuk AR, King DH, Pizarro Rojas M, Zúñiga GE & Bergstrom DM (2020). The 2019/2020 summer of Antarctic heatwaves. Global Change Biology 26(6):3178-3180.
Rochman CM, Browne MA, Underwood AJ, van Franeker JA, Thompson RC & Amaral-Zettler LA (2016). The ecological impacts of marine debris: unraveling the demonstrated evidence from what is perceived. Ecology 97(2):302–312.
Roemmich D, Church J, Gilson J, Monselesan D, Sutton P & Wijffels S (2015). Unabated planetary warming and its ocean structure since 2006. Nature Climate Change 5:240–245.
Ropert-Coudert Y, Kato A, Meyer X, Pellé M, MacIntos AJJ, Angelier F, Chastel O, Widmann M, Arthur B, Raymond B & Raclot T (2015). A complete breeding failure in an Adélie penguin colony correlates with unusual and extreme environmental events. Ecography 38(2):111–113.
Rosa LH, Zani CL, Cantrell CL, Duke SO, Van Dijck P, Desideri A & Rosa CA (2019). Fungi in Antarctica: diversity, ecology, effects of climate change, and bioprospection for bioactive compounds. In: Rosa LH (ed), Fungi of Antarctica: diversity, ecology and biotechnological applications, Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 1–17.
Rubino M, Etheridge DM, Trudinger CM, Allison CE, Battle MO, Langenfelds RL, Steele LP, Curran M, Bender M, White JWC, Jenk TM, Blunier T & Francey RJ (2013). A revised 1000 year atmospheric δ13C-CO2 record from Law Dome and South Pole, Antarctica. Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 118(15):8482–8499.
Ruddell A (2006). An inventory of present glaciers on Heard Island and their historical variation. In: Green K & Woehler E (eds), Heard Island: Southern Ocean sentinel, Surrey, Beatty and Sons, Chipping Norton, New South Wales, 28–51.
Russell A, Gohlan M, Smedley A & Densham M (2015). The ultraviolet radiation environment during an expedition across the Drake Passage and on the Antarctic Peninsula. Antarctic Science 27(3):307–316.