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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

Graphs, maps and tables

Showing results 41 - 50 of 63
Figure 41 Annual emissions of major pollutants emitted by industry, 2015–19
Column graph showing that emissions of carbon monoxide and volatile organic compounds increased from 2015 to 2019. Sulfur dioxide decreased, and other categories were relatively stable.

CO = carbon monoxide; kg/yr = kilogram per year; NOx = nitrogen oxides; PM2.5 = fine particulate matter; PM10 = coarse particulate matter; SO2 = sulfur dioxide; VOC = volatile organic compound

Note: Annual emissions of lead, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and polychlorinated dioxins and furans were too small to fit on the same axes.

Source: National Pollutant Inventory

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Figure 42 Locations of industries in Australia reporting to the National Pollutant Inventory
Figure 43 Shipping emissions in the greater metropolitan region of New South Wales (includes Newcastle, Wollongong and non-urban regions), 2003, 2008 and 2013
Column graphs showing that all categories have increased substantially since 2003, with oxides of nitrogen doubling and the others more than tripling.

kg/yr = kilogram per year; NOx = nitrogen oxides; PM2.5 = fine particulate matter; PM10 = coarse particulate matter; SO2 = sulfur dioxide

Source: New South Wales Department of Planning, Industry and Environment

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Figure 44 Locations of air quality monitoring stations in Australia, 2019–20
Figure 45 Projected impact of proposed noxious emissions standards (Euro 6d) on (a) NOx emissions and (b) PM2.5 emissions from the light vehicle fleet, 2010–50
Figure 46 Container park site in Brooklyn Industrial Precinct (left) and aerial image of Brooklyn Industrial Precinct in 2020 (right)
Figure 47 Annual average PM10 concentration over the past 10 years in Brooklyn, Footscray, Alphington and Dandenong
Brooklyn is highest in every year at around 22 to 25 micrograms per cubic metre. The others between 15 and 20.

µg/m3 = microgram per cubic metre; NEPM = National Environment Protection Measure; PM10 = coarse particulate matter; SEPP = State Environmental Planning Policy

Note: Horizontal lines represent the national (Ambient Air Quality NEPM) guideline value of 25 µg/m3 and the Victorian (Environment Reference Standard) guideline value of 20 µg/m3) for annual average PM10 concentrations. No data are available for Dandenong from 1 January 2017 to 5 October 2017, and for Footscray from 10 April 2014 to 24 July 2014 and from 29 October 2019 to 8 February 2020 due to technical issues.

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Figure 48 Number of days per year that have exceeded the PM10 daily air quality objective of 50 µg/m3 over the past 10 years in Brooklyn, Footscray, Alphington and Dandenong
Brooklyn shows between 9 and 32 days above PM10 objectives in every year. The others are generally less than 5, though Dandenong reached 9 in 2019 and 2020.

µg/m3 = microgram per cubic metre; PM10 = coarse particulate matter

Note: No data are available for Dandenong from 1 January 2017 to 5 October 2017, and for Footscray from 10 April 2014 to 24 July 2014 and from 29 October 2019 to 8 February 2020 due to technical issues.

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Figure 49 IKALC seasons of western Sydney, based on weather, including temperature, wind speed and rainfall, at different times of year
Figure 50 Indigenous climate framework