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We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

Graphs, maps and tables

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Figure 11 Shoreline mangroves comparing damaged and undamaged sections of the coastline east of the mouth of the Limmen Bight estuary (Northern Territory), June 2016
Figure 12 Dominant threats and issues affecting estuarine and shoreline tidal wetlands of 8 regional areas, 2017
Figure 13 Conceptual framework of a mangrove monitoring system responding to policy and monitoring needs
Diagram showing that the mangrove monitoring uses satellites, radar and field measurements, all brought together to decide future management strategies.

Note: © 2018 IEEE. Reprinted, with permission, from Metternicht G, Lucas R, Bunting P, Held A, Lymburner L & Ticehurst C (2018). Addressing mangrove protection in Australia: the contribution of earth observation technologies. In: IGARSS 2018 – 2018 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, Valencia, Spain, IEEE, 6548–6551.

Source: Metternicht et al. (2018)

For more information, go toCoastal ecosystems and habitats
Figure 14 Extent of mangroves in Australia in 2017, using data integration from satellite, airborne and field observations
Figure 15 Change in coastal dune vegetation, 2014 to 2019
Graph showing that the most common outcomes were minimal change through to 50% loss.

Note: To assess the change in coastal dune vegetation condition since SoE 2016, remotely sensed data of perennial vegetation cover curated by AusCover were used from 2014 and 2019. The 1M-scale geological map of Australia from 2012 was used to define the extent of coastal dunes. Note that 2014 data were used in the 2016 SoE report; while preparing SoE 2021, the most recently available perennial vegetation data were for 2019. Through analysis of satellite and weather records over 2014–19, the probable cause of vegetation loss greater than 25% has been assessed (Figure 16).

For more information, go toCoastal ecosystems and habitats
Figure 16 Change in perennial coastal dune vegetation from 2014 to 2019, with causes of major vegetation loss annotated
Figure 17 EPBC-listed species richness within 50 kilometres of the coastline
Figure 18 Number of threatened Australian taxa within the coastal region and relative level of impact for each subcategory threat, nested within the corresponding broad-level threat class
Figure 19 EPBC Act–listed shorebird species in Australia, 2000 to 2021
Figure 20 Saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus) populations in monitored rivers in the Northern Territory since 1971