Home

We recognise Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders as the sovereign Traditional Owners of Australia and thank them for their stewardship of this Country, its lands, waters and skies. We respectfully acknowledge their culture and customary practices, and pay respect to their Ancestors, Elders and future leaders.

For the first time, the State of the Environment report includes a strong Indigenous narrative across all 12 thematic chapters, a narrative crafted through recognising the leadership, collaboration and authorship of Indigenous Australians who continue their connection as Traditional Owners to their lands, waters and skies.

Click to view the State of the Environment report

 

On 28 March 2025 the government assumed a Caretaker role. Information on websites maintained by the Department of Climate Change, Energy, the Environment and Water will be published in accordance with the Guidance on Caretaker Conventions until after the conclusion of the caretaker period.

Due to technical issues, graphs, maps and tables are currently not displaying within the main content, however, are available via the chapter resources navigation bar. We are working on a solution to resolve the issue.

Reference

Feely R, Sabine CL, Lee K, Berelson W, Kleypas J, Fabry VJ & Millero FJ (2004). Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans. Science 305(5682):362–366.
Doney SC, Tilbrook B, Roy S, Metzl N, Le Quéré C, Hood M, Feely RA & Bakker D (2009). Surface-ocean CO2 variability and vulnerability. Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 56(8–10):504–511.
Hutchins DA, Mulholland MR & Fu F (2009). Nutrient cycles and marine microbes in a CO2-enriched ocean. Oceanography 22(4):128–145.
Orr JC, Caldeira K, Fabry V, Gattuso JP, Haugan P, Lehodey P, Patoja S, Pörtner HO, Riebesell U, Trull T, Urban E, Hood M & Broadgate W (2009). Research priorities for understanding ocean acidification. Oceanography 22(4):182–189.
Dupont S, Ortega-Martínez O & Thorndyke M (2010). Impact of near-future ocean acidification on echinoderms. Ecotoxicology 19(3):449–462.
Ericson JA, Lamare MD, Morley SA & Barker MF (2010). The response of two ecologically important Antarctic invertebrates (Sterechinus neumayeri and Parborlasia corrugatus) to reduced seawater pH: effects on fertilisation and embryonic development. Marine Biology 157:2689–2702.
Hancock AM, King CK, Stark JS, McMinn A & Davidson AT (2020). Effects of ocean acidification on Antarctic marine organisms: a meta-analysis. Ecology and Evolution 10(10):4495–4514.
IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) (in press-a). IPCC special report on the ocean and cryosphere in a changing climate, Pörtner HO, Roberts DC, Masson-Delmotte V, Zhai P, Tignor M, Poloczanska E, Mintenbeck K, Alegría A, Nicolai M, Okem A, Petzold J, Rama B & Weyer NM (eds), Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, Switzerland.